diff --git a/docs/jsonapi/errors.md b/docs/jsonapi/errors.md
index f180d117..74f3b166 100644
--- a/docs/jsonapi/errors.md
+++ b/docs/jsonapi/errors.md
@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@
 
 # JSON API Errors
 
-Rendering error documents requires specifying the serializer and the adapter:
+Rendering error documents requires specifying the error serializer(s):
 
-- `adapter: :'json_api/error'`
 - Serializer:
   - For a single resource: `serializer: ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorSerializer`.
   - For a collection: `serializer: ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorsSerializer`, `each_serializer: ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorSerializer`.
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ resource.errors.add(:name, 'cannot be nil')
 resource.errors.add(:name, 'must be longer')
 resource.errors.add(:id, 'must be a uuid')
 
-render json: resource, status: 422, adapter: 'json_api/error', serializer: ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorSerializer
+render json: resource, status: 422, adapter: :json_api, serializer: ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorSerializer
 # #=>
 #  { :errors =>
 #    [
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ resource.errors.add(:name, 'must be awesome')
 serializable_resource = ActiveModel::SerializableResource.new(
   resource, {
     serializer: ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorSerializer,
-    adapter: 'json_api/error'
+    adapter: :json_api
   })
 serializable_resource.as_json(options)
 # #=>
diff --git a/lib/active_model/serializer.rb b/lib/active_model/serializer.rb
index 1471876f..b0ca3fa6 100644
--- a/lib/active_model/serializer.rb
+++ b/lib/active_model/serializer.rb
@@ -118,6 +118,10 @@ module ActiveModel
       end
     end
 
+    def success?
+      true
+    end
+
     # Used by adapter as resource root.
     def json_key
       root || object.class.model_name.to_s.underscore
diff --git a/lib/active_model/serializer/collection_serializer.rb b/lib/active_model/serializer/collection_serializer.rb
index c1edfeaf..02258838 100644
--- a/lib/active_model/serializer/collection_serializer.rb
+++ b/lib/active_model/serializer/collection_serializer.rb
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ module ActiveModel
         end
       end
 
+      def success?
+        true
+      end
+
       def json_key
         root || derived_root
       end
diff --git a/lib/active_model/serializer/error_serializer.rb b/lib/active_model/serializer/error_serializer.rb
index bfbd1ec0..c12dfd37 100644
--- a/lib/active_model/serializer/error_serializer.rb
+++ b/lib/active_model/serializer/error_serializer.rb
@@ -3,4 +3,8 @@ class ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
   def as_json
     object.errors.messages
   end
+
+  def success?
+    false
+  end
 end
diff --git a/lib/active_model/serializer/errors_serializer.rb b/lib/active_model/serializer/errors_serializer.rb
index eaab0a14..4b67bae8 100644
--- a/lib/active_model/serializer/errors_serializer.rb
+++ b/lib/active_model/serializer/errors_serializer.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 require 'active_model/serializer/error_serializer'
-class ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorsSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
+class ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorsSerializer
   include Enumerable
   delegate :each, to: :@serializers
   attr_reader :object, :root
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ class ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorsSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
     end
   end
 
+  def success?
+    false
+  end
+
   def json_key
     nil
   end
diff --git a/lib/active_model_serializers/adapter/json_api.rb b/lib/active_model_serializers/adapter/json_api.rb
index 57179a04..4f82835f 100644
--- a/lib/active_model_serializers/adapter/json_api.rb
+++ b/lib/active_model_serializers/adapter/json_api.rb
@@ -53,7 +53,14 @@ module ActiveModelSerializers
 
       def serializable_hash(options = nil)
         options ||= {}
+        if serializer.success?
+          success_document(options)
+        else
+          failure_document
+        end
+      end
 
+      def success_document(options)
         is_collection = serializer.respond_to?(:each)
         serializers = is_collection ? serializer : [serializer]
         primary_data, included = resource_objects_for(serializers)
@@ -77,6 +84,28 @@ module ActiveModelSerializers
         hash
       end
 
+      # TODO: look into caching
+      # rubocop:disable Style/AsciiComments
+      # definition:
+      #   ☑ toplevel_errors array (required)
+      #   ☐ toplevel_meta
+      #   ☐ toplevel_jsonapi
+      # rubocop:enable Style/AsciiComments
+      def failure_document
+        hash = {}
+        # PR Please :)
+        # ApiObjects::Jsonapi.add!(hash)
+
+        if serializer.respond_to?(:each)
+          hash[:errors] = serializer.flat_map do |error_serializer|
+            Error.resource_errors(error_serializer)
+          end
+        else
+          hash[:errors] = Error.resource_errors(serializer)
+        end
+        hash
+      end
+
       def fragment_cache(cached_hash, non_cached_hash)
         root = false if instance_options.include?(:include)
         ActiveModelSerializers::Adapter::JsonApi::FragmentCache.new.fragment_cache(root, cached_hash, non_cached_hash)
diff --git a/lib/active_model_serializers/adapter/json_api/error.rb b/lib/active_model_serializers/adapter/json_api/error.rb
index fbe2654d..c8383d21 100644
--- a/lib/active_model_serializers/adapter/json_api/error.rb
+++ b/lib/active_model_serializers/adapter/json_api/error.rb
@@ -1,29 +1,13 @@
 module ActiveModelSerializers
   module Adapter
     class JsonApi < Base
-      class Error < Base
-        UnknownSourceTypeError = Class.new(ArgumentError)
+      module Error
         # rubocop:disable Style/AsciiComments
-        # TODO: look into caching
-
-        # definition:
-        #   ☐ toplevel_errors array (required)
-        #   ☑ toplevel_meta
-        #   ☑ toplevel_jsonapi
-        def serializable_hash(*)
-          hash = {}
-          # PR Please :)
-          # Jsonapi.add!(hash)
-
-          # Checking object since we're not using an ArraySerializer
-          if serializer.object.respond_to?(:each)
-            hash[:errors] = collection_errors
-          else
-            hash[:errors] = Error.resource_errors(serializer)
-          end
-          hash
-        end
+        UnknownSourceTypeError = Class.new(ArgumentError)
 
+        # Builds a JSON API Errors Object
+        # {http://jsonapi.org/format/#errors JSON API Errors}
+        #
         # @param [ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorSerializer]
         # @return [Array<Symbol, Array<String>] i.e. attribute_name, [attribute_errors]
         def self.resource_errors(error_serializer)
@@ -86,16 +70,6 @@ module ActiveModelSerializers
             fail UnknownSourceTypeError, "Unknown source type '#{source_type}' for attribute_name '#{attribute_name}'"
           end
         end
-
-        private
-
-        # @return [Array<#object_errors>]
-        def collection_errors
-          serializer.flat_map do |error_serializer|
-            Error.resource_errors(error_serializer)
-          end
-        end
-
         # rubocop:enable Style/AsciiComments
       end
     end
diff --git a/test/action_controller/json_api/errors_test.rb b/test/action_controller/json_api/errors_test.rb
index 09fd3099..d5890110 100644
--- a/test/action_controller/json_api/errors_test.rb
+++ b/test/action_controller/json_api/errors_test.rb
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ module ActionController
             resource.errors.add(:name, 'cannot be nil')
             resource.errors.add(:name, 'must be longer')
             resource.errors.add(:id, 'must be a uuid')
-            render json: resource, adapter: 'json_api/error', serializer: ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorSerializer
+            render json: resource, adapter: :json_api, serializer: ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorSerializer
           end
         end
 
diff --git a/test/active_model_serializers/adapter_for_test.rb b/test/active_model_serializers/adapter_for_test.rb
index 4fe870be..8dfbc9f3 100644
--- a/test/active_model_serializers/adapter_for_test.rb
+++ b/test/active_model_serializers/adapter_for_test.rb
@@ -102,8 +102,7 @@ module ActiveModelSerializers
         'null'.freeze              => ActiveModelSerializers::Adapter::Null,
         'json'.freeze              => ActiveModelSerializers::Adapter::Json,
         'attributes'.freeze => ActiveModelSerializers::Adapter::Attributes,
-        'json_api'.freeze => ActiveModelSerializers::Adapter::JsonApi,
-        'json_api/error'.freeze => ActiveModelSerializers::Adapter::JsonApi::Error
+        'json_api'.freeze => ActiveModelSerializers::Adapter::JsonApi
       }
       actual = ActiveModelSerializers::Adapter.adapter_map
       assert_equal actual, expected_adapter_map
@@ -114,7 +113,6 @@ module ActiveModelSerializers
         'attributes'.freeze,
         'json'.freeze,
         'json_api'.freeze,
-        'json_api/error'.freeze,
         'null'.freeze
       ]
     end
diff --git a/test/adapter/json_api/errors_test.rb b/test/adapter/json_api/errors_test.rb
index 0ab596f9..da7eff9b 100644
--- a/test/adapter/json_api/errors_test.rb
+++ b/test/adapter/json_api/errors_test.rb
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ module ActiveModelSerializers
         def test_active_model_with_error
           options = {
               serializer: ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorSerializer,
-              adapter: :'json_api/error'
+              adapter: :json_api
           }
 
           @resource.errors.add(:name, 'cannot be nil')
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ module ActiveModelSerializers
         def test_active_model_with_multiple_errors
           options = {
               serializer: ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorSerializer,
-              adapter: :'json_api/error'
+              adapter: :json_api
           }
 
           @resource.errors.add(:name, 'cannot be nil')
diff --git a/test/serializable_resource_test.rb b/test/serializable_resource_test.rb
index 14ac73b6..4c683f9b 100644
--- a/test/serializable_resource_test.rb
+++ b/test/serializable_resource_test.rb
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ module ActiveModel
         serializable_resource = ActiveModel::SerializableResource.new(
           resource, {
             serializer: ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorSerializer,
-            adapter: 'json_api/error'
+            adapter: :json_api
           })
         expected_response_document =
           { :errors =>
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ module ActiveModel
           resources, {
             serializer: ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorsSerializer,
             each_serializer: ActiveModel::Serializer::ErrorSerializer,
-            adapter: 'json_api/error'
+            adapter: :json_api
           })
         expected_response_document =
           { :errors =>