diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index 38cd8ea6..be215def 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-source 'https://rubygems.org'
+source "https://rubygems.org"
 gemspec
 
 group :test do
-  gem 'm', '~> 1.5'
-  gem 'pry', '~> 0.10'
-  gem 'pry-byebug', '~> 3.4', platform: :ruby
+  gem "m", "~> 1.5"
+  gem "pry", "~> 0.10"
+  gem "pry-byebug", "~> 3.4", platform: :ruby
 end
 
 group :development, :test do
-  gem 'rubocop', '>= 0.47', require: false
-  gem 'yard', require: false
+  gem "rubocop", ">= 0.47", require: false
+  gem "yard", require: false
 end
diff --git a/Rakefile b/Rakefile
index 45b7e2ed..7eb67aa4 100644
--- a/Rakefile
+++ b/Rakefile
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-require 'English'
-require 'rake/clean'
+require "English"
+require "rake/clean"
 
-GEMSPEC = 'ams.gemspec'
-require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'lib', 'ams', 'version')
+GEMSPEC = "ams.gemspec"
+require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "lib", "ams", "version")
 VERSION = AMS::VERSION
 VERSION_TAG = "AMS_#{VERSION}"
 GEMPATH = "AMS-#{VERSION}.gem"
@@ -12,67 +12,67 @@ CLOBBER << GEMPATH
 
 SOURCE_FILES = Rake::FileList.new(GEMSPEC)
 
-rule '.gem' => '.gemspec' do
+rule ".gem" => ".gemspec" do
   sh "gem build -V #{GEMSPEC}"
 end
 
-desc 'build gem'
-task build: [:clobber, SOURCE_FILES.ext('.gem')]
+desc "build gem"
+task build: [:clobber, SOURCE_FILES.ext(".gem")]
 
-desc 'install gem'
+desc "install gem"
 task install: :build do
   sh "gem install #{GEMPATH}"
 end
 
-desc 'uninstall gem'
+desc "uninstall gem"
 task :uninstall do
-  sh 'gem uninstall -aIx AMS'
+  sh "gem uninstall -aIx AMS"
 end
 
-desc 'test install message'
+desc "test install message"
 task :test_install do
   gemspec = Gem::Specification.load(GEMSPEC)
   puts "You should see post install message '#{gemspec.post_install_message}' below:"
   begin
-    Rake::Task['install'].invoke
+    Rake::Task["install"].invoke
   ensure
-    Rake::Task['uninstall'].invoke
+    Rake::Task["uninstall"].invoke
   end
   puts "#{GEMSPEC} => #{GEMPATH}"
 end
 
-desc 'abort when repo not clean or has uncommited code'
+desc "abort when repo not clean or has uncommited code"
 task :assert_clean_repo do
-  sh 'git diff --exit-code'
-  abort 'Git repo not clean' unless $CHILD_STATUS.success?
-  sh 'git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD'
-  abort 'Git repo not commited' unless $CHILD_STATUS.success?
+  sh "git diff --exit-code"
+  abort "Git repo not clean" unless $CHILD_STATUS.success?
+  sh "git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD"
+  abort "Git repo not commited" unless $CHILD_STATUS.success?
 end
 
 task push_and_tag: [:build] do
   sh "gem push #{GEMPATH}"
   if $CHILD_STATUS.success?
-    Rake::Task['tag_globally'].invoke
+    Rake::Task["tag_globally"].invoke
   else
-    abort 'tagging aborted; pushing gem failed.'
+    abort "tagging aborted; pushing gem failed."
   end
 end
 
 task :tag_globally do
   sh "git tag -a -m \"Version #{VERSION}\" #{VERSION_TAG}"
   STDOUT.puts "Tagged #{VERSION_TAG}."
-  sh 'git push'
-  sh 'git push --tags'
+  sh "git push"
+  sh "git push --tags"
 end
 
-desc 'Release'
+desc "Release"
 task release: [:assert_clean_repo, :push_and_tag]
 
-import('lib/tasks/rubocop.rake')
-import('lib/tasks/doc.rake')
-import('lib/tasks/test.rake')
+import("lib/tasks/rubocop.rake")
+import("lib/tasks/doc.rake")
+import("lib/tasks/test.rake")
 
 task default: [:test, :rubocop]
 
-desc 'CI test task'
-task ci: [:default, 'doc:stats']
+desc "CI test task"
+task ci: [:default, "doc:stats"]
diff --git a/lib/ams.rb b/lib/ams.rb
index ef4280ca..2b8d11fb 100644
--- a/lib/ams.rb
+++ b/lib/ams.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-require 'ams/version'
-require 'ams/serializer'
+require "ams/version"
+require "ams/serializer"
diff --git a/lib/ams/serializer.rb b/lib/ams/serializer.rb
index 7bb41bcf..882ad4c1 100644
--- a/lib/ams/serializer.rb
+++ b/lib/ams/serializer.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require 'json'
+require "json"
 module AMS
   # Lightweight mapping of a model to a JSON API resource object
   # with attributes and relationships
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ module AMS
     class << self
       attr_accessor :_attributes, :_relations, :_id_field, :_type
 
-      def add_instance_method(body, receiver=self)
+      def add_instance_method(body, receiver = self)
         cl = caller_locations[0]
         silence_warnings { receiver.module_eval body, cl.absolute_path, cl.lineno }
       end
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ module AMS
         super
         base._attributes = _attributes.dup
         base._relations = _relations.dup
-        base._type = base.name.split('::')[-1].sub('Serializer', '').downcase
+        base._type = base.name.split("::")[-1].sub("Serializer", "").downcase
         add_class_method "def class; #{base}; end", base
         add_instance_method "def id; object.id; end", base
       end
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ module AMS
       end
 
       def attribute(attribute_name, key: attribute_name)
-        fail 'ForbiddenKey' if attribute_name == :id
+        fail "ForbiddenKey" if attribute_name == :id
         _attributes[attribute_name] = { key: key }
         add_instance_method <<-METHOD
         def #{attribute_name}
diff --git a/lib/ams/version.rb b/lib/ams/version.rb
index 24c51ba0..324aa258 100644
--- a/lib/ams/version.rb
+++ b/lib/ams/version.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 module AMS
-  VERSION = '0.99.0'
+  VERSION = "0.99.0"
 end
diff --git a/lib/tasks/doc.rake b/lib/tasks/doc.rake
index 53ccd23b..d05c4fb0 100644
--- a/lib/tasks/doc.rake
+++ b/lib/tasks/doc.rake
@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-require 'yard'
+require "yard"
 
 namespace :doc do
-  desc 'start a gem server'
+  desc "start a gem server"
   task :server do
-    sh 'bundle exec yard server --gems'
+    sh "bundle exec yard server --gems"
   end
 
-  desc 'use Graphviz to generate dot graph'
+  desc "use Graphviz to generate dot graph"
   task :graph do
-    output_file = 'doc/erd.dot'
+    output_file = "doc/erd.dot"
     sh "bundle exec yard graph --protected --full --dependencies > #{output_file}"
-    puts 'open doc/erd.dot if you have graphviz installed'
+    puts "open doc/erd.dot if you have graphviz installed"
   end
 
   YARD::Rake::YardocTask.new(:stats) do |t|
-    t.stats_options = ['--list-undoc']
+    t.stats_options = ["--list-undoc"]
   end
 
-  DOC_PATH = File.join('doc')
+  DOC_PATH = File.join("doc")
   YARD::Rake::YardocTask.new(:pages) do |t|
-    t.options = ['-o', DOC_PATH]
+    t.options = ["-o", DOC_PATH]
   end
 end
-task doc: ['doc:pages']
+task doc: ["doc:pages"]
diff --git a/lib/tasks/rubocop.rake b/lib/tasks/rubocop.rake
index 74b1c896..e8e01055 100644
--- a/lib/tasks/rubocop.rake
+++ b/lib/tasks/rubocop.rake
@@ -1,53 +1,53 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 begin
-  require 'rubocop'
-  require 'rubocop/rake_task'
+  require "rubocop"
+  require "rubocop/rake_task"
 rescue LoadError # rubocop:disable Lint/HandleExceptions
 else
-  require 'rbconfig'
+  require "rbconfig"
   # https://github.com/bundler/bundler/blob/1b3eb2465a/lib/bundler/constants.rb#L2
   windows_platforms = /(msdos|mswin|djgpp|mingw)/
-  if RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'] =~ windows_platforms
-    desc 'No-op rubocop on Windows-- unsupported platform'
+  if RbConfig::CONFIG["host_os"] =~ windows_platforms
+    desc "No-op rubocop on Windows-- unsupported platform"
     task :rubocop do
-      puts 'Skipping rubocop on Windows'
+      puts "Skipping rubocop on Windows"
     end
   elsif defined?(::Rubinius)
-    desc 'No-op rubocop to avoid rbx segfault'
+    desc "No-op rubocop to avoid rbx segfault"
     task :rubocop do
-      puts 'Skipping rubocop on rbx due to segfault'
-      puts 'https://github.com/rubinius/rubinius/issues/3499'
+      puts "Skipping rubocop on rbx due to segfault"
+      puts "https://github.com/rubinius/rubinius/issues/3499"
     end
   else
     Rake::Task[:rubocop].clear if Rake::Task.task_defined?(:rubocop)
     patterns = [
-      'Gemfile',
-      'Rakefile',
-      'lib/**/*.{rb,rake}',
-      'config/**/*.rb',
-      'app/**/*.rb',
-      'test/**/*.rb'
+      "Gemfile",
+      "Rakefile",
+      "lib/**/*.{rb,rake}",
+      "config/**/*.rb",
+      "app/**/*.rb",
+      "test/**/*.rb"
     ]
-    desc 'Execute rubocop'
+    desc "Execute rubocop"
     RuboCop::RakeTask.new(:rubocop) do |task|
-      task.options = ['--rails', '--display-cop-names', '--display-style-guide']
-      task.formatters = ['progress']
+      task.options = ["--rails", "--display-cop-names", "--display-style-guide"]
+      task.formatters = ["progress"]
       task.patterns = patterns
       task.fail_on_error = true
     end
 
     namespace :rubocop do
-      desc 'Auto-gen rubocop config'
+      desc "Auto-gen rubocop config"
       task :auto_gen_config do
-        options = ['--auto-gen-config'].concat patterns
-        require 'benchmark'
+        options = ["--auto-gen-config"].concat patterns
+        require "benchmark"
         result = 0
         cli = RuboCop::CLI.new
         time = Benchmark.realtime do
           result = cli.run(options)
         end
         puts "Finished in #{time} seconds" if cli.options[:debug]
-        abort('RuboCop failed!') if result.nonzero?
+        abort("RuboCop failed!") if result.nonzero?
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/tasks/test.rake b/lib/tasks/test.rake
index 870bdef1..fcef592a 100644
--- a/lib/tasks/test.rake
+++ b/lib/tasks/test.rake
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-require 'rake/testtask'
+require "rake/testtask"
 
 Rake::TestTask.new(:test) do |t|
-  t.libs << 'lib'
-  t.libs << 'test'
-  t.pattern = 'test/**/*_test.rb'
-  t.ruby_opts = ['-r./test/test_helper.rb']
-  t.ruby_opts << ' -w' unless ENV['NO_WARN'] == 'true'
+  t.libs << "lib"
+  t.libs << "test"
+  t.pattern = "test/**/*_test.rb"
+  t.ruby_opts = ["-r./test/test_helper.rb"]
+  t.ruby_opts << " -w" unless ENV["NO_WARN"] == "true"
   t.verbose = true
 end
diff --git a/test/fixtures/poro.rb b/test/fixtures/poro.rb
index 8cbb92eb..2e95cb79 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/poro.rb
+++ b/test/fixtures/poro.rb
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class PlainModel
   end
 end
 
-class ParentModel< PlainModel
+class ParentModel < PlainModel
   attributes :id, :name, :description
   associations :child_models
 end
diff --git a/test/test_helper.rb b/test/test_helper.rb
index 2e0e97d7..56ce372d 100644
--- a/test/test_helper.rb
+++ b/test/test_helper.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-require 'bundler/setup'
-require 'simplecov'
-require 'minitest/autorun'
-require 'ams'
-require 'fixtures/poro'
+require "bundler/setup"
+require "simplecov"
+require "minitest/autorun"
+require "ams"
+require "fixtures/poro"
 
 module AMS
   class Test < Minitest::Test
diff --git a/test/unit/serializer/as_json_test.rb b/test/unit/serializer/as_json_test.rb
index 56ff10e4..b56c32e7 100644
--- a/test/unit/serializer/as_json_test.rb
+++ b/test/unit/serializer/as_json_test.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-require 'test_helper'
+require "test_helper"
 
 module AMS
   class Serializer
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ module AMS
         type :profiles
         attribute :name
         attribute :description, key: :summary
-        relation :child_models, type: :comments, to: :many, ids: 'object.child_models.map(&:id)'
+        relation :child_models, type: :comments, to: :many, ids: "object.child_models.map(&:id)"
       end
 
       def setup
         super
-        @relation = ChildModel.new(id: 2, name: 'comment')
+        @relation = ChildModel.new(id: 2, name: "comment")
         @object = ParentModel.new(
           id: 1,
-          name: 'name',
-          description: 'description',
+          name: "name",
+          description: "description",
           child_models: [@relation]
         )
         @serializer_class = ParentModelSerializer
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ module AMS
       def test_model_instance_as_json
         expected = {
           id: 1, type: :profiles,
-          attributes: {name: "name", summary: "description"},
+          attributes: { name: "name", summary: "description" },
           relationships:
-          {child_models: [{data: {id: 2, type: "comments"}}]}
+          { child_models: [{ data: { id: 2, type: "comments" } }] }
         }
         assert_equal expected, @serializer_instance.as_json
       end
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ module AMS
       def test_model_instance_to_json
         expected = {
           id: 1, type: :profiles,
-          attributes: {name: "name", summary: "description"},
+          attributes: { name: "name", summary: "description" },
           relationships:
-          {child_models: [{data: {id: 2, type: "comments"}}]}
+          { child_models: [{ data: { id: 2, type: "comments" } }] }
         }.to_json
         assert_equal expected, @serializer_instance.to_json
       end
diff --git a/test/unit/serializer/attributes_test.rb b/test/unit/serializer/attributes_test.rb
index 069d7b40..2c0a20fb 100644
--- a/test/unit/serializer/attributes_test.rb
+++ b/test/unit/serializer/attributes_test.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-require 'test_helper'
+require "test_helper"
 
 module AMS
   class Serializer
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ module AMS
         super
         @object = ParentModel.new(
           id: 1,
-          name: 'name',
-          description: 'description'
+          name: "name",
+          description: "description"
         )
         @serializer_class = ParentModelSerializer
         @serializer_instance = @serializer_class.new(@object)
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ module AMS
 
       def test_model_instance_attributes
         expected_attributes = {
-          name: 'name',
-          summary: 'description'
+          name: "name",
+          summary: "description"
         }
         assert_equal expected_attributes, @serializer_instance.attributes
       end
diff --git a/test/unit/serializer/identifier_test.rb b/test/unit/serializer/identifier_test.rb
index a7dbde68..d886fbc8 100644
--- a/test/unit/serializer/identifier_test.rb
+++ b/test/unit/serializer/identifier_test.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-require 'test_helper'
+require "test_helper"
 
 module AMS
   class Serializer
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ module AMS
 
       def setup
         super
-        @object = ParentModel.new( id: 1,)
+        @object = ParentModel.new(id: 1,)
         @serializer_class = ParentModelSerializer
         @serializer_instance = @serializer_class.new(@object)
       end
diff --git a/test/unit/serializer/relationships_test.rb b/test/unit/serializer/relationships_test.rb
index 15352973..78c883b5 100644
--- a/test/unit/serializer/relationships_test.rb
+++ b/test/unit/serializer/relationships_test.rb
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-require 'test_helper'
+require "test_helper"
 
 module AMS
   class Serializer
     class RelationshipsTest < Test
       class ParentModelSerializer < Serializer
-        relation :child_models, type: :comments, to: :many, ids: 'object.child_models.map(&:id)'
+        relation :child_models, type: :comments, to: :many, ids: "object.child_models.map(&:id)"
       end
 
       def setup
         super
-        @relation = ChildModel.new(id: 2, name: 'comment')
+        @relation = ChildModel.new(id: 2, name: "comment")
         @object = ParentModel.new(
           child_models: [@relation]
         )
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ module AMS
       def test_model_instance_relations
         expected_relations = {
           child_models: [{
-            data: {type: 'comments', id: 2 }
+            data: { type: "comments", id: 2 }
           }]
         }
         assert_equal expected_relations, @serializer_instance.relations
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ module AMS
 
       def test_model_instance_relationship_object
         expected = {
-          data: {type: :bananas, id: 5 }
+          data: { type: :bananas, id: 5 }
         }
         assert_equal expected, @serializer_instance.relationship_object(5, :bananas)
       end